Verb conjugation: *kel- 'come' — past tense

vocabulary
(hides romanizations and secondary scripts)
The pan-Turkic verb *kel- 'come' (attested in the 8th-century Orkhon inscriptions as kel-) in simple past tense across all six persons. Shows the classic Turkic PAST-TENSE MARKER *-DI- + agglutinated person suffixes. This is the most stable verb paradigm in the family — every branch preserves the *-DI- past clearly.
ConceptOld TurkicOghuzKipchakKarlukSiberianBulgaricProto-Turkic
Old TurkicTurkishAzerbaijaniTurkmenKazakhKyrgyzUzbekUyghurSakhaChuvash
I came (1sg)𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰢 · keltimgeldimgəldimgeldimкелдім · keldimкелдим · keldimkeldim · келдимكەلدىم · keldimкэллим · kellimкилтӗм · kiltĕm*kel-tim
you came (2sg)𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰭 · keltiŋgeldingəldingeldiňкелдің · keldiŋкелдиң · keldiŋkelding · келдингكەلدىڭ · keldingкэллиҥ · kelliŋкилтӗн · kiltĕn*kel-tiŋ
he/she came (3sg)𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰃 · keltigeldigəldigeldiкелді · keldiкелди · keldikeldi · келдиكەلدى · keldiкэллэ · kelleкилчӗ · kilçĕ*kel-ti
we came (1pl)𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰢𐰕 · keltimizgeldikgəldikgeldikкелдік · keldikкелдик · keldikkeldik · келдикكەلدۇق · kelduqкэллибит · kellibitкилтӗмӗр · kiltĕmĕr*kel-tim(iz)
you all came (2pl)𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰭𐰕 · keltiŋizgeldinizgəldinizgeldiňizкелдіңдер · keldiŋderкелдиңер · keldiŋerkeldingiz · келдингизكەلدىڭلار · keldinglarкэллигит · kelligitкилтӗр · kiltĕr*kel-tiŋiz
they came (3pl)𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰃𐰠𐰼 · keltilergeldilergəldilərgeldilerкелді(лер) · keldi(ler)келишти · keliştikelishdi · келишдиكەلدى · keldiкэллилэр · kellilerкилчӗҫ · kilçĕś*kel-tiler