Sound-law showcase
showcasePedagogically classic stems chosen because their reflexes across branches illustrate the flagship Turkic sound laws in one place.
Kipchak *y- to j- (Kaz zhol); Siberian *y- to s- (Sakha suol); Bulgaric *y- to c-cedilla (Chuvash s'ul).
Kipchak *sh to s (Kaz bas); Chuvash pus (with *b to p and *sh to s-cedilla).
Kipchak *c-hacek to sh, then to s (Kaz us); Chuvash visse (very divergent).
Oghuz initial voicing (Tr dag); Kazakh taw shows final *g to w.
Chuvash tahar — the flagship RHOTACISM example: Common Turkic *z corresponds to Chuvash r.
Old Turkic adaq preserved; all modern languages show *d to y (ayak/ayaq).
Initial *b before nasal to m: Kaz myng, Ky min, Cv pin (Chuvash weakens further).
Chuvash chul — the flagship LAMBDAISM example: Common Turkic *sh/*l-hook corresponds to Chuvash l.